Hair Fall
Common types of Hair Loss seen in both Men and Women are:
1. Androgenic Alopecia
a. Male Pattern Baldness in Men
b. Female Pattern Hair Loss in Women
2. Telogen Effluvium
4. Dandruff
5. Traction Alopecia
6. Scarring Alopecia
7. Trichotillomania
Disturbances to the hair cycle can be caused by a number of triggers, including:
- Severe stress: Prolonged periods of stress can result in telogen effluvium. Hair loss typically occurs about 3 months after the stressful event.
- Poor diet: Hair requires key nutrients including protein, iron, B-vitamins, and zinc to grow. A shortage of these nutrients may affect the quality and quantity of a person’s hair.
- Sudden weight loss: Weight loss or chronic calorie restriction, such as in anorexia nervosa, can cause the hair to shed.
- Pregnancy and childbirth: During pregnancy, more hair is in the growth phase for longer. Hormonal changes that occur 3 to 6 months after birth can cause hair to shed. This is called post-partum telogen effluvium.
- Menopause: Hormonal changes that occur during the menopause may also cause telogen effluvium.
- Certain drugs: Certain medications and recreational drugs can cause hair loss.
- Underlying health conditions: These can include autoimmune disease, conditions that affect the thyroid gland, and alopecia areata.
- Surgery: Depending on the type of procedure, length of stay in hospital, medications, and overall nutritional status.
- Metal toxicity: Contact with toxic chemicals in metal can lead to hair loss.
Telogen effluvium is a form of temporary hair loss of scalp hairs that usually happens after physical or mental stress, a shock, or a traumatic event.
If the disease is severe, hair loss might be visible after 1.5-2 months, eventually stopping after few weeks or so.
If hair shedding continues for more than 6 months, then it is called Chronic Telogen Effluvium. A person with this condition does not lose all their hair, although it may become noticeably thin.
The hair cycle typically has three phases:
- Anagen or growth phase.
- Catagen or transitional phase.
- Telogen or resting phase.
Telogen effluvium is associated with the telogen phase. Normally, 5 to 10 percent of a person’s hair is in the telogen phase at any one time.
With telogen effluvium, the anagen phase slows down, meaning that fewer hairs enter the next two stages. With this condition, around 30 percent of hair follicles move into the telogen phase, which means that hair shedding occurs.
Below is a list of medicines that carry the potential to induce hair fall or hair loss (varies person to person):
- Amphetamines
- Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
- Antidepressants including paroxetine (Paxil), fluoxetine (Prozac), and sertraline (Zoloft)
- Antifungal medications
- Anti-seizure medications
- Beta-blockers, which doctors use to treat heart problems and glaucoma
- Birth control pills
- Blood thinners, including heparin (the brand name depends on the form) and warfarin (Coumadin)
- Cholesterol lowering drugs, such as clofibrate (Atromid-S) and gemfibrozil (Lopid)
- Drugs for the treatment of thyroid problems
- Famotidine (Pepcid) and other medications that treat stomach problems
- Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
- Isotretinoin (Accutane) and other vitamin A-based medications
- Levodopa (Atamet) and other medications for Parkinson’s disease
- Naproxen (Naprosyn) and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)
- Steroids
While diagnosing cause for hair fall or hair loss, your dermatologist will examine the hairs that have fallen out.
Several tests can be performed to diagnose hair loss:
- The diameter and length of the lost hairs can signal this condition, and may help a doctor to differentiate between this and alopecia.
- A hair pull test may be carried out to see how much hair is being shed.
- A wash test can be performed whereby the number of hairs lost during washing is counted.
- A blood test may be useful to work out the cause of hair loss. These tests can help diagnose iron deficiency or thyroid insufficiency.
A dermatologist will be able to diagnose the cause of hair fall or hair loss and offer advice. They will look at other indicators of hair health, such as the appearance of the scalp, any patches of baldness, or more generalized hair thinning.
In most cases, hair fall may stop by itself. If it doesn't, identify what is triggering the hair fall. Once the trigger has been established and addressed, the hair cycle should normalize and hair will begin to grow back.
There are a number of treatment options available for both men and women experiencing hair loss. These include:
- Medications such as minoxidil and finasteride
- Specific medicines addressing the cause
- Platelet-rich plasma therapy
- Growth Factor Concentrate
- Hair transplant surgery
It is important to consult with a dermatologist or other medical professional to determine the cause of your hair fall or hair loss and the most appropriate treatment plan.
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- Eat a healthy, balanced diet rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals
- Avoid tight hairstyles and harsh hair care products
- Avoid heat styling tools
- Use a gentle, sulfate-free shampoo
- Manage stress through healthy coping mechanisms such as exercise, meditation, and therapy
If you are concerned about hair loss, it is important to speak with a medical professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.
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